Aim: To evaluate the effect of local anesthesia types on erectile function during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS-Bx). Methods: Between February 2014 and February 2015, 50 men who underwent TRUS-Bx at our institution were included in this prospective study. The 50 patients were randomized and divided into two groups according to the type of anesthesia used. All patients were asked to indicate the level of pain experienced on a visual analogue scale (VAS) 10 min after the TRUS biopsy. All patients had to fill in the IIEF standardized questionnaire. Groups were evaluated in terms of pre-biopsy IEFF score (IIEF-1), post-biopsy 1st month IIEF score (IIEF-2) and post-biopsy 2nd month IIEF score (IIEF -3). Patient characteristics, mean VAS score and IIEF score were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age, IIEF-1, tPSA level, prostate volume and VAS score were 60.86±0.95 years, 18.68,6.81±0.54 ng/ml, 51.10±3.82 cc and 3.5±0.26 in all patients, respectively. The difference in VAS scores between the groups was statistically significant. In Group 1 the IIEF-1, IIEF-2, and IIEF3 were different from each other statistically. There was no statistically significant difference between IIEF-1 and IIEF-3 scores in group 2. So it was observed that the initial IIEF scores were reached at the end of the second month in group 2 administered 12.5 g 2% lidocaine HCl gel. Conclusion: Our study indicates that although local periprostatic anesthesia by injecting 6 ml of 2% lidocaine provides more effective anesthesia for pain relief, intrarectal 12.5g 2% lidocaine HCl gel maintains less impact on erectile dysfunction for TRUS-Bx.

Aim: To investigate the possible effects of polymorphisms in genes encoding some important antioxidant enzymes such as super oxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and catalase (CAT) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Peripheral blood of 100 patients with PCOS and 100 healthy control group were collected, Polymorphisms in related genes was investigated by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, the related biochemical values of the patients were also investigated. Result: In our study there is no significant results for SOD2 gene but the results obtained between GPX1, eNOS and CAT genes were significant. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, triglyceride, waist circumference and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were found to be significant with the disease, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found to be effective in preventing the disease. Conclusions: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in genes encoding GPX1, eNOS and CAT enzymes may be associated with PCOS. Additionally, it is thought that the genes of FBS, triglyceride, insulin, DHEAS and waist circumference are important in the pathogenesis of the disease in the presence of homozygous mutation.

Aim: Migralepsy is a clinical entity that occasionally represents a diagnostic problem. An apparent history and clinical manifestation of migraine may mask the epileptic attack accompanying migralepsy. The aim of this study is to present our experience with clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings and treatment of our patients diagnosed with childhood migralepsy disease. Methods: We documented six patients who were initially followed-up with a diagnosis of migraine, subsequently observed to have epileptic seizures, and then diagnosed with migralepsy. Result: Our patients became asymptomatic by giving good responses to antiepileptic therapy based on clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings. Conclusions: This case series shows that EEG recording can be useful in all stages of migraine for long-term, safe monitoring. Identifying patients with possible migralepsy will enable them to receive antiepileptic treatment.

Aim: Withdraw blood from rats is an important, but not easy, invasive procedure in experimental research on these animals. In addition, the preparation and standardization of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a more difficult process in rats. In this study, we presented our experiences about rat blood collection and PRP preparation technique. Methods and Result: This experimental study was performed with ten male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g. Under anesthesia, the blood was obtained by percutaneous puncture from the right ventricle of the rats. The blood obtained from rats was rapidly transferred to tubes containing anticoagulants such as sodium citrate or acid citrate dextrose solution A. After the first centrifuge, the all plasma was collected by a pipette after a second spin in a sterile tube. As a result of all these processes, PRP at the desired concentration was obtained. Conclusions: Blood withdraw from rats is not an easy method, and when large amounts of blood are required cardiac blood intake is necessary. In order to achieve the therapeutic intensity in PRP preparation, usually a double spin is required and the concentration obtained with the base number of platelets should be compared.

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, endocrine, and metabolic disorder seen in 10%-20% of women of reproductive age. Due to the close relationship observed between the increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and the polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) gene rs2197076 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we investigated the frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in patients with PCOS. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study. The study included 151 women—75 patients with PCOS and 76 healthy women. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the FABP1 rs2197076 polymorphism. Additionally, biochemical and hormonal levels of the patients were studied. Results: Menstrual irregularities, the body mass index (BMI), hirsutism scores, the luteinizing hormone / follicular stimulating hormone ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control. There was no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of FABP1 rs2197076 genotype distribution and FABP1 rs2197076 allele frequency distribution. Conclusion: There was no increase in the genotype distribution and allelic frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed on this subject.

Aim: Cancer is still considered as one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Various tumor factors have been used for the diagnosis and follow-up of solid tumors; however, their clinical features remains controversial in terms of their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of the systemic inflammatory response biomarkers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-tomonocyte ratio (LMR), in the diagnosis of solid tumors. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 256 patients with solid tumors, including lung, breast, liver, and pancreatic cancers, who were diagnosed at the outpatient clinics of our institution between January 2017 and July 2018. The neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts were measured using a hematology analyzer and the results were analyzed statistically. Results: The results of the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the NLR and LMR could be statistically reliable biomarkers, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.574 (p = 0.017) and 0.596 (p = 0.002). However, the PLR statistically failed to discriminate the patients and the control subjects, with AUC values of 0.545 (p = 0.148). Conclusions: Certain systemic inflammatory response biomarkers, such as the NLR and LMR, can play roles in the clinical diagnosis of patients with solid tumors.